The Neurobiology of Trauma in Online Therapy: How Violence Impacts the Brain
When someone experiences a traumatic event of any sort, the impact extends beyond emotional pain—it reshapes the brain itself. Understanding the neurobiology of trauma and how our thinking is changed after trauma can help survivors and their support networks recognize why trauma responses occur and how healing is possible. Let’s break down the science behind trauma in an accessible way which is a topic also covered in online therapy in progressive ways that align with your process.
What Happens in the Brain During Trauma?
Trauma activates the brain’s survival mechanisms, which means that we are put in survival mode. You may have already heard of Fight and Flight. However, there so much more that comes into play when it comes to survival mode including additional responses beyond just fight or flight.
During a traumatic event and afterward, our system will primarily engage these three key areas:
The Amygdala: The Alarm System or “Smoke-Detector” of the Brain
This part of the brain is responsible for detecting danger and triggering the “fight, flight, freeze, or fawn” response.
During and after trauma, the amygdala becomes hyperactive, leading to heightened fear, hypervigilance, and difficulty feeling safe even when the threat is gone.
The amygdala works by generalizing stimuli so the survivor may find themselves getting activated even about things that just remotely resemble their traumatic experience or context.
The Prefrontal Cortex: The Thinking Brain and Rational Part of our Brain
This area helps with rational thought, problem-solving, weighing pros and cons, and impulse control.
Trauma can weaken the prefrontal cortex’s ability to regulate emotions, making it harder for survivors to process their experiences logically or feel in control.
Also when the amygdala is activated, it requires much more work and effort for us to be able to access our prefrontal cortex - rational thinking.
The Hippocampus: The Memory Keeper
The hippocampus organizes memories and distinguishes between past and present events.
Trauma can disrupt its functioning, leading to fragmented, intrusive memories and difficulty distinguishing past trauma from present safety.
When trauma happens and the hippocampus is impacted, we may also have trouble recalling memories which is another factor why survivors cannot easily and chronologically retell their stories.
Why Trauma Responses Aren’t a Choice
We tend to think that “if something were to happen to me, I would do…” The reality is that we have very limited power to determine our reactions during a traumatic event. At times, arduous training and repetition may allow us to somewhat override some of these responses, but there is no guarantee. An example of these are first responders who receive extensive training to be able to effectively respond in crisis situations. However, that’s also an example of how training also doesn’t always work, and our brain will choose for us. Because trauma alters brain function, survivors don’t “choose” their responses. Our brain will have a tendency to choose what has worked in the past to preserve our survival.
Can the Brain Heal from Trauma?
Yes! The brain is adaptable, thanks to neuroplasticity—its ability to rewire and heal over time. Strategies that support and expedite recovery include the following, but a combination of multiple is a more effective approach:
Therapy (especially trauma-informed approaches like EMDR and Somatic Approaches)
Mindfulness & grounding techniques (helping regulate the nervous system)
Safe relationships & social support (rebuilding trust and connection)
Healthy routines (sleep, movement, and nutrition support brain healing)
Final Thoughts
Trauma is not just an emotional experience—it’s a biological one. When we understand the brain’s role in trauma responses, we can reduce shame and pave the way for healing.
If you're ready to embark on a journey of healing and personal transformation, I encourage you to reach out. I am passionate about trauma-informed care in all spaces as well as creating safety so you can process your experiences at your own pace. Please contact me to schedule a consultation and learn more about how online therapy can help you achieve your goals.
I am dedicated to helping you create a life filled with greater joy, fulfillment, and resilience. Let's work together to start your healing journey.
